Scope

A carpenter is a tradesperson who possesses the full range of knowledge and abilities required to construct, renovate and repair institutional, commercial, industrial (I.C.I.) and residential structures made of wood, steel, concrete and other materials.

They can work for a wide array of employers, including construction firms, building owners and users, building developers and government departments. A significant number of carpenters are union members or may be self-employed.

While the scope of the carpenter trade includes many aspects of building construction, a growing number of carpenters work primarily in one area of specialization within the trade, such as concrete forming, framing, finishing, interior systems and scaffolding. Carpenters are employed in a variety of job environments, including houses under construction and renovations, plants that pre-fabricate buildings, residential or commercial sites and industrial sites. They may work in a variety of weather conditions. Many carpenters routinely work overtime in peak periods or according to the needs of each project.

Safety is of prime importance to all carpenters. There is some risk of injury resulting from slips and falls, falling objects and the use of hand and power tools. The proper use of personal protective equipment is very important to carpenters regardless of their location of work.

Though not described in this analysis as knowledge or abilities, some important competencies of the carpenter are: good knowledge of mathematics, the ability to use metric and imperial measurements, an understanding of building science, communication skills, problem solving skills and the ability to work independently or as part of a team. Other skills present in a competent carpenter are: the ability to work at heights, the ability to stand or kneel for long periods of time, manual dexterity and good balance. Carpentry is a physically demanding occupation requiring the lifting of heavy tools and materials. As carpentry is primarily a work-based training trade, mentoring of apprentices and workers is a skill required to ensure capable completion of duties and quality workmanship.

This analysis recognizes similarities or overlaps in the work of other tradespersons such as roofers, lathers (interior systems mechanic), floorcovering installers, concrete finishers and cabinetmakers. Experienced carpenters may advance to foreman and construction superintendent or may become contractors. Carpenters are involved in every step of building construction, which is an advantage when applying for supervisory positions.

Observations

Tools

There is an expansion in the use of pneumatic, fastening and cordless tools. Many fastening tools are now gas-powered. Cordless tools continue to become more powerful and are being used by more and more carpenters. Specialty tools are allowing carpenters to improve quality and complete work faster. Advanced dust collection equipment and portable vacuum systems attached to tools are becoming more common. Laser alignment equipment has become economical and more ‘user-friendly’, resulting in increased use among carpenters. Layout equipment such as ‘total station’ is being used more readily. ‘Total station’ includes the use of computerized theodolites, GPS and the interfacing with AutoCad.

Materials

Insulated concrete foundations (ICF) are being introduced to the construction of commercial and residential buildings. There is an increased use of steel stud framing in residential construction. Steel stud systems are being used for structural and non-structural applications. There has been an introduction of new chemicals for preserving wood in Preserved Wood Foundations (PWF). New materials are being introduced for exterior finishes, including acrylic and breathable stucco (Exterior Insulation Finishing Systems – EIFS) and concrete fiberboard siding. There continues to be an increased use of engineered wood products and composite materials such as Fiberglass Reinforced Panels (FRP) and Fibreglass Reinforcing Bars.

Processes

There is more emphasis on energy efficient housing construction, including R2000 homes. This results in an increased need for mechanical ventilation. The use of improved methods of climate protection and heating has resulted in fewer shutdowns over the winter months. Environmental awareness, cost effectiveness and waste control are issues at the forefront of establishing new construction methods in the industry. Recycling of building materials and products is a clear example of these new directions. Basic computer skills are becoming a useful occupational skill for career advancement. Quality control systems are becoming more commonplace in the construction industry.

Safety

There are increased regulations regarding fall protection, scaffold erection and inspection, and breathing and hearing protection. Larger employers may have their own safety officers to provide training and monitoring. Construction organizations are making safety training more accessible.

Safety

Safe working procedures and conditions, accident prevention and the preservation of health are of primary importance to industry in Canada. These responsibilities are shared and require the joint efforts of government, employers and employees. It is imperative that all parties are aware of circumstances and conditions that may lead to injury or harm. Safe learning experiences and environments can be created by controlling the variables and behaviours that may contribute to accidents or injury.

It is generally recognized that a safety-conscious attitude and work practices contribute to a healthy, safe and accident-free working environment.

It is imperative to apply and be familiar with the Occupational Health and Safety Acts and Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS) Regulations. As well, it is essential to determine workplace hazards and take measures to protect oneself, co-workers, the public and the environment.

As safety education is an integral part of training in all jurisdictions, personal safety practices are not recorded in this document. However, the technical safety aspect relating to each task and sub-task are included throughout this analysis.

Job Titles