Glossary

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

API

American Petroleum Institute

appurtenances

components or apparatus belonging to something larger or more important

ASME

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

atmospheric testing equipment

a calibrated direct-reading instrument for testing various potential hazardous atmospheric conditions in a confined work space

bag house

enclosure through which dust particles are collected as exhaust gases pass through a fabric filter

blast furnace

a smelting furnace into which compressed hot air is driven to complete the first stage in the production of all iron-based metals

boiler

a closed vessel in which water is heated, steam is generated, steam is superheated, or any combination thereof, under pressure or vacuum by the application of heat from combustible fuels, electricity or nuclear energy

bolt-tensioning equipment

a power-assisted mechanical device used to tighten fasteners to a pre-determined torque value. May also be used in reverse to loosen fasteners

boom

the main member used to carry the hoisting tackle on a crane

breeching (gas flue)

a passage for gas flow

carbon arc cutting

an arc cutting process in which metals are severed by melting them with the heat of an arc between a carbon electrode and the base metal

CAD

Computer-Aided Drafting, Computer-Aided Design

catalyst

an additive that initiates a chemical reaction that causes resin to harden (i.e., MEKP)

chain falls

hand/pneumatic/electric-operated chain hoist

CSA

Canadian Standards Association

coke oven

tightly sealed unit to keep out air so coal cannot burn, rather it “bakes” with an intense heat up to 2100°F to produce coke

come-along

rachet-type tool with chain and hook used for pulling

confined space

an area other than an underground working that a) is enclosed or partially enclosed, b) is not designed or intended for continuous human occupancy, c) has limited or restricted means for entry or exit that may complicate the provision of first aid, evacuation, rescue or other emergency response service, and d) is large enough and so configured that a worker could enter to perform assigned work

digester

vessel used in the pulping and recovery process

digital

providing a readout in numerical digits

dog

a tool used in fitting up plate

down comer

a tube or pipe in a boiler or vessel circulating system through which fluid flows downward

ductwork

a passage for air flow

dye penetration test

a process which involves the use of three non-corrosive liquids. First, the surface cleaning solution is used. Then the penetrant is applied and allowed to stand for 10 minutes. The penetrant is removed with the cleaner solution and the developer is applied. The dye penetrant, which has remained in the surface discontinuity, will be drawn to the surface by the developer, resulting in bright red indication.

equalizing (bar) beam

bar or beam used to equalize the loads in sling legs or to equalize loads on dual hoist lines during tandem lifts

ESW

electro-slag welding

expansion joint

a joint to permit movement due to expansion without undue stress

FCAW

flux-cored arc welding

ferrous

metals dominated by iron in their chemical composition (i.e., carbon and low alloy steels)

fiberglass

glass reinforcement material (i.e., chopped strand mat, woven roving)

GMAW

gas-metal arc welding

GTAW

gas tungsten arc welding

heat exchanger

a vessel in which heat is transferred from one medium to another

hydrostatic test

a strength and tightness test of a closed pressure vessel by water pressure

internals

components or apparatus inside vessel

laser

visible or infrared light used for levelling or alignment

lashing

a rope wrapping two pieces to fasten them together

lattice boom

a type of framework crane boom, usually raised or lowered by wire rope mechanisms

lay-up

fabrication or repair of fiberglass components

low alloy steel

a ferrous metal with improved mechanical and physical properties compared to plain carbon steel commonly used to fabricate pressure vessels

magnetic particle test

a non-destructive method of detecting cracks, porosity, seams, inclusions, lack of fusion and other discontinuities in ferromagnetic materials in surface discontinuities and shallow subsurface only

mass

metric equivalent of weight, usually expressed in kilograms or tonnes

metallurgy

involves the science of producing metals from ores, of making and compounding alloys, and the reaction of metals to many different activities and situations

MSDS

Material Safety Data Sheets

MTR

Mill Test Report

nitrogen test (purge)

involves using a gas heavier than air to displace oxygen in an enclosed space

non-ferrous

metals that do not contain iron in their chemical composition (e.g., aluminum, copper)

orient

to set or arrange to a determined position

outriggers

extendable beams attached to a crane base mounting that rest on supports at the outer ends and provide a means of balancing the load and relieving the crane weight from the tires

oxy-fuel cutting

a group of cutting processes used to sever metals by means of the chemical reaction of oxygen with the base metal at elevated temperatures. The necessary temperature is maintained by means of gas flames obtained from the combustion of a specified fuel gas and oxygen.

parts of line

the number of individual ropes supporting a travelling block in a tackle system

penstock

conveys water from the reservoir to the spiral case

plasma-arc cutting

an arc cutting process that severs metal by melting a localized area with a constricted arc and removing the molten material with a high velocity jet of hot, ionized gas issuing from the orifice

PPE

personal protective equipment

precipitator

an ash separator and collector of the electrostatic type

promoter

an additive used with rapid cure resins to reduce excessive exothermic heat build up

reeve

the act of passing a rope through a number of sheaves in a multi-part system in order to gain mechanical advantage

resin

a polyester (vinylester) solid usually dissolved in styrene, but when mixed with a catalyst, forms a rigid thermoset plastic

rope

refers to wire rope unless otherwise specified

SAW

submerged arc welding

scrubber

an apparatus used to remove solids from gases by entrainment in water

self-propelled lift

a power-propelled work platform with the primary controls on the platform (i.e., scissor lift)

shackle

a u- or anchor-shaped fitting with pin

sheave

a wheel or pulley with a circumferential groove designed for a particular size of wire rope; used to change direction of a running rope

sling

a wire rope or other material with eyes spliced on each end

SMAW

shielded metal-arc welding

splice

the joining of ends of ropes by weaving the strands of one rope over and under the strands of the other rope

spreader beam/bar

beam used for hoisting trusses or long loads; also used to equalize the weight and to keep the load, such as tank plate, from buckling

stack

a vertical conduit used to discharge combustion products to the atmosphere

stove

used to heat air to speed combustion

stress relieving (by heat)

a process of heating a fabricated piece of equipment to a high temperature to relieve any stress caused from welding the metal together

swing stage

a suspended scaffold

tackle

an assembly of ropes and sheaves arranged for lifting, lowering and pulling

tag line

a length of rope used to control a load during lifting or lowering

thermal spray

process of depositing molten metal, alloy and ceramic coatings on prepared surfaces in order to build up surfaces worn down by heat, oxidation and chemical environments

thrust-out beam

a manufactured beam used to support a swing stage; fitted with a number of counter-weights and secured by tiebacks to solid anchorages

tower crane

a power-operated fixed or slewing tower that provides elevation and support for its jib

tray

found internally inside crude towers

tube expanding

the pressure-tight joint formed by enlarging a tube end in a tube seat

tugger

a power source for hoisting or moving, usually consisting of a cable drum with gear-reduction unit for hand operation or with power drive

vessel

a cylindrical or spherical container with closed ends designed to contain liquids, gases, or solids

water cutting

a process of using a jet of water under high pressure to sever through a variety of construction materials

water level

an instrument used to determine the level of an object by means of the surface water in a tube

vacuum box test

a non-critical test designed to find leaks in welded lap joints of storage tank floor. Soapy water is applied to the joint, then the air is removed from the sealed see-through box creating a vacuum and exposing the leaks.

Abbreviations